This topic has been on my mind for quite some years now. We, as a team of authors from different labs across Europe, present a systmatic literature search, forking path analyses with respect to exclusion criteria for ‘non-learner’ and ‘non-responder’. We also provide illustrative case examples on the potential danger of performance-based participant exclusion as well as clear recommendations on how to not get lost in the garden of forking path regarding exclusion criteria. Thanks to everyone who contributed!